In previous post we have seen that what is system software and
Mobile operating system .In this post I'm going to tell you about Desktop
Operating Systems.
Every personal computer has an operating system controlling its
operation. The post widely used desktop operating systems are Windows,
macOS, UNIX, and Linux.
🟦 Windows
Microsoft's windows is the most widely used personal
computer operating system. Because its market share is so large, more
applications programs have been developed to run under Windows that any
other operating system. Windows comes in a variety of different versions and
is designed to run with a variety of different microprocessors. The three
recent versions are Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10.
⬛Windows 7 operating system was made available by Microsoft
towards the end of 2009. Since Windows Vista, the earlier operating system
from Microsoft was criticised by many people, Windows 7 was designed to
replace it. New libraries and file sharing capabilities were added in this
operating system.
⬛ Windows
10 was announced in 2015. It merges Windows' desktop and mobile
operating systems. Unlike previous Windows versions, Windows 10 runs
on all Windows devices, including desktops, tablets, and smartphones.
This unification has brought several mobile OS innovations to the
desktop OS, including Cortana, a digital assistant that can
accept commands through text or speech, and Windows apps, such as
Office, that can run on desktops, tablets, and smartphones. Other
innovations include improved gaming with the Xbox gaming environment,
anew web browser, and support for Microsoft HoloLens, an augmented
reality tool. Table given below gives a brief description of the
Microsoft desktop operating systems.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Windows 7 | Windows 7 most commonly used OS gives greater funtionality of communication, multimedia and security. It uses 3D graphics and high- end visual effects. |
| Windows 10 | Microsoft's latest operating system us enabled with 3D imaging and hologram projection and comes with improved efficiency and great speed for social gaming. |
🟦 macOS
Apple has been the leader in the development of powerful
and easy-to-use personal computer operating systems since its
introduction of the Macintosh personal computer in 1984. Designed to
run only with Apple computers, macOS is not as widely used as the
Windows operating system. As a result, fewer application programs have
been written for it. However, with increasing sales of Apple
computers, the use of macOS has been rapidly increasing and is
widely recognised as one of the most innovative operating systems.
macOS X is the most widely used Mac desktop operating system.
Three recent versions are mentioned below:
⬛macOS
Sierra, which was announced in 2016 and introduced several
improvements, including new advanced utilities, improved integration
with iOS devices, and better integration with cloud computing.
⬛ macOS
High Sierra, which was announced in 2017. It provides a
new file system for faster, more secure data storage, improved video
compression, and virtual reality support. The update includes
improvement to Apple applications, such as the Internet browser
Safari, and the photo application, Photos.
⬛macOS
Mojave: MacOS Mojave is the 15" release of macOS which was
announced in 2018. Its name is based on Mojave desert.
🟦 UNIX and Linux
The UNIX operating system was originally
designed in the late 1960s to run on minicomputers in network
environments. Over the years, UNIX has evolved with numerous
different versions. Now, it is widely used by servers on the web,
mainframe computers, and very powerful personal computers. There are
a large number of different versions of UNIX.
Linux is an operating system that extended one of the UNIX
versions. It was originally developed by a graduate student at the
University of Helsinki, Linus Torvalds, in 1991. He allowed free
distribution of the operating system code and encouraged others to
modify and further develop the code. Programs released in this way
are called open source. Linux is a popular and powerful alternative
to the Windows operating system, see Figure 4-9. Linux has been the
basis of several other operating systems. For example, Google's
Chrome OS is based on Linux.
Chrome OS integrates with web servers to run
applications and to perform other traditional operating system
functions. This capability has made Chrome OS a popular choice for
inexpensive notebook computers that use cloud computing and cloud
storage that would normally require expensive hardware. One
limitation of these computers is that their efficiency is dependent
upon the speed of their Internet connection.
The another operating systems are ReactOS,
ChromeOS, Fedora, deepin, and much
more....
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